The first Catholic congregation in the Sugar Land area was recorded in 1916. To attend mass people traveled by train every fifth Sunday.  Mass was celebrated by Father I. P. Tonson of the Oblate Fathers of Mary Immaculate from Houston.  Mass was held in the home of the Jessie H. Roberts family on Main Street.
 

In 1925 the first building was constructed on the corner of Main and Fifth Streets and dedicated to St. Theresa the Little Flower. Father Hugh Finnegan of the Oblate Fathers of Mary Immaculate served the church. In 1926 the Ladies Altar Society was organized. In 1935 the church was officially named a parish of the Diocese of Galveston-Houston. In 1940 the original wood frame church was enlarged and a rectory was added. In 1955 the Basilian Fathers were invited to staff the parish. Father W. P. McGee, C.S.B. served as the first Basilian pastor. (Oblate Fathers of Mary Immaculate rededicated themselves to missionary work.)
 

In 1960 the new church building was dedicated at the corner of Main and Seventh Streets. The land was donated by the Imperial Sugar Company. Construction of the convent for the Sisters of the Missionary Catechists of Divine Providence was completed two years later. These Sisters served the church from the 1920's until 1990. In 1966 the first Parish Council (now called the Pastoral Council) was created. In 1967 the construction of rectory, parish hall, and classrooms was completed. In 1970 the annual May Bazaar was established. In 1975 the church recorded 600 parish families and 450 children in the CCE program.
 

In 1982 the church, bell tower and chapel were constructed. In 1990 the convent was converted into the Continuing Christian Education building. In 1996, the church recorded 2800 parish families and 1500 children in CCE program. Also, two new buildings to house the Parish Hall and more classrooms were added. Existing facilities such as the youth and adult education centers were remodeled, the nursery and St. Vincent de Paul food pantry were expanded, and a music room was added.
 

In 1999 the church was remodeled, expanding the seating capacity to 1,200 people. The number of active families reached 3,574.  In 2001 the Basilians Fathers left the parish after 46 years of service to this community. On August 25, 2001 a tribute to the service of the Basilian Fathers was celebrated by the Most Reverend Bishop Joseph Fiorenza. The Diocese of Galveston Houston was invited to staff the parish.  On August 26, 2001 the ground-breaking ceremony for the youth center took place. The youth center is planned to be named after the Basilians Fathers.